RESEARCH ARTICLES

There are many scientific studies and scholarly articles of the different species of sea moss, demonstrating the various bio-active properties they have.

This page is dedicated to providing the links of just a few of the many peer-reviewed / scientific studies and scholarly-research articles we have obtain during our on-going research of the different species of sea moss. 

Some links give you free direct access to the full .pdf text. While other links provide partial access requiring a fee for full access. 

1. Biochemical, Micronutrient and Physicochemical Properties of the Dried Red Seaweeds Gracilaria edulis and Gracilaria corticata -  The results of this study suggests that certain Gracilaria species "contains important nutrients for human health and are possible natural functional foods". 

2. A comparison of nutritional values of Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatum, and Kappaphycus spinosum from the farming sites in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia -   The results of this study suggests that the Kappaphycus genus  "is a potential source of important nutrition for human and animal health". 

3. Seasonal variation in nutritional composition of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty—an edible seaweed -  The results of this study suggests that Kappaphycus Alvarezii has great possibility "to be incorporated into several food  products as an excellent nutritional supplement, or as a value additive  in animal or pet food". 

4. Prebiotic effects of diet supplemented with the cultivated red seaweed Chondrus crispus or with fructo-oligo-saccharide on host immunity, colonic microbiota and gut microbial metabolites -  The results of this study suggests that Chondrus Crispus has  multiple pre-biotic effects, such as: "influencing the composition of gut microbial communities, improvement of gut health and  immune modulation".

5.  Prebiotic evaluation of red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) using in vitro colon model -   The results of this study suggests that a diet supplemented with K. alvarezii might have the potential as a prebiotic ingredient due to the significant increase in total production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) and the healthy gut bacteria Bifidobacterium sp. in an in vitro colon model.

1. Antibacterial activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Ulva lactuca

extracts against human pathogenic bacteria - The results of this study confirmed that Kappaphycus Alvarezii has a significant capacity to control pathogenic organisms.

2. Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Material from Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile and Its Effect on Herpes simplex Virus (HSV-1) - The results of this study suggest that Chondrus crispus exhibited promising anti-HSV activity that could be used for novel,  functional applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and functional food applications.  

3. Carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of papillomavirus infection  -  This report suggests and "demonstrates that carrageenan is an exceptionally potent  inhibitor of papillomavirus (HPV) infectivity in vitro".  

1. Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of sulphated polygalactans from red seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria opuntia -  The results of this study suggests that Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria opuntia possess a number of bio-activities against inflammation and type-2 diabetes.  

2. Potential Bioactive Compounds from Seaweed for Diabetes Management -  This research article suggests and demonstrates how the extraction of carrageenan and other polysaccharides from seaweed could be beneficial in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) management. 

3. Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of Chondrus crispus species of red algae collected from the Red Sea along the shores of Jeddah city - The results of this study suggests that Chondrus Crispus extract displayed remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. 

4. Dietary polysaccharide-rich extract from Eucheuma cottonii modulates the inflammatory response and suppresses colonic injury on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice -  The results of this study suggests that the "polysaccharide-rich extract from E. cottonii  (Now known as K. Alvarezii) reduced DSS-induced bowel inflammation, thereby becoming a promising candidate for the treatment of colitis. 

5. Study on metabolic compounds of Kappaphycus alvarezii and its in-vitro analysis of anti-inflammatory activity. - The results of this study suggest that kappaphycus alvarezii possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity probably due to its inhibition of hyaluronidase enzyme. Hyaluronidase  enzymes are involved in the spread of infections, toxins and the progressions of cancer by way of degrading hyaluronic acid (HA).

1. A Pilot Study on Anti-Obesity Mechanisms of Kappaphycus Alvarezii: The Role of Native κ-Carrageenan and the Leftover Sans-Carrageenan Fraction -  The result of this study suggests that the carrageenan extracted from κ. Alvarezii "have novel anti-obesity potential with possible different mechanisms of action". 

2. Kappaphycus alvarezii as a Food Supplement Prevents Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats -  The results of this study suggests and demonstrates the potential of Kappaphycus as a functional food with possible application in the prevention and reversal of metabolic syndrome by way of "selective inhibition of obesogenic (causes obesity) gut bacteria" while promoting healthy gut bacteria to thrive.

1. Chemical Composition, Iron Bioavailability, and Antioxidant Activity of Kappaphycus alvarezzi (Doty) - The results of this study suggests that  K. alvarezzi (Eucheuma) is rich in protein, contains high amount of fiber and unsaturated fatty acids, and is a  good source of minerals. It suggest the utility of K. alvarezzi (Eucheuma) for various nutritional products, including antioxidant for use as health food or nutraceutical supplement.  

2. Antioxidant activity of red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatum - The results of this study demonstrates the different levels/values of antioxidant activity of K. Alverazii and K. Striatum by way of applying various methods of solvent extraction.

3. KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII: Its antioxidant potential and use in bioactive packaging films -  The results of this study demonstrated that the extraction of Kappaphycus Alvarezii  has "good antioxidant and antibacterial activity and it could be used to prepare bio-active food packaging films useful for the food industry". 

1.  Natural Polysaccharides as Preventive and Therapeutic Horizon for Neurodegenerative Diseases -This article presents various cases of neurodegenerative diseases and how naturally derived the polysaccharides of different sources such as Sea Moss species Garcilaria were able to inhibit the process of neurodegeneration.

2. In vitro activities of kappa-carrageenan isolated from red marine alga Hypnea musciformis: Antimicrobial, anticancer and neuroprotective potential –   In this study, researchers used in-vitro, isolated Kappa-carrageenan (k-CGN) from the red marine algae H. musciformis harvested from Brazil. This isolated K- carrageenan showed antibacterial and antifungal action, antiproliferative effects in specific cancer cells. It also showed neuroprotective activity against a neurotoxin given to animal models to induce Parkinson’s Disease.

3. Neurotrophic Activity of the Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii Cultivated at Different Depths and for Different Growth Periods in Various Areas of Indonesia . The results of this study demonstrates how the sea moss species, Kappaphycus Alvarezii, has higher neurotrophic activity than other carrageenophytes under certain growth conditions. Neurotrophic activity is known to prevent cell death in neurodegenerative diseases such as, Alzheimer's disease.